The article covers international and security dimensions of the Iranian space programme, which is rather successful despite economic sanctions. The article considers how the launches of the Iranian-made satellites from Iranian territory in 2009–2020 could accelerate Iran’s programme of the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) construction and how the potential threat of Iranian ICBMs could affect the security of NATO, Middle East countries, and other key players in the international arena. The correlation between Iranian space and nuclear programmes will be also discussed. The article will consider international efforts to reduce security challenges from the Iranian space programme and further prospects of its development.