Principles and practical implications of Russia’s current policy toward the post-Soviet states are presented in this paper. On the basis of Russia’s domestic legal and regulatory documents, as well as public statements of the leadership, it was concluded that the Kremlin has laid out a new foreign policy strategy and a corresponding foreign policy doctrine – “the new doctrine of limited sovereignty” (the “Putin Doctrine”), the main element of which is the concept of “limited sovereignty”. During the Cold War, that was also a major component of the “Brezhnev Doctrine” – the USSR’s foreign policy doctrine regarding the states of “People’s Democracies”. The main provisions and characteristics of the doctrine are provided.