The article studies current policy of the Russian Federation in the MENA region, which is becoming one of the pivots of the Kremlin’s revisionist approach to the post-bipolar world order. It examines the main goals pursued by Moscow in the Middle East, conditions and factors that lead to the strengthening of Russian positions in the region, and threats and challenges that undermine the Kremlin’s regional perspectives. It demonstrates that Moscow’s recent successes were achieved not only by skilful activities but also because of the insufficient Western attention. In the future, Russia’s prospects are uncertain in the face of natural limits and lack of resources.